占いの帝都彷徨

格闘

格闘に登場する全てを、付きで紹介して下さい。

悩みます

一押しとまで言われるとかなり悩みます・・・

ホンダ・フィット

「日本カー・オブ・ザ・イヤー」はホンダ・フィット

フィットなんて全く興味なかったし、ベストはマークXかと思ってたんですが、
こうなると乗ってみたいなと思いますね。
単に私が影響されやすい人間なだけかもしれませんけどー。

マスチフ

なんで一般的にコワイとされてる犬が好きなんでしょうか。
飼い主も犬も、特別な訓練を受けておいた方がいいと思いますね。

貴重な石、数百点を展示

こんなニュースみつけたよ。
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瀬戸の加藤さん、海外収集も


４０年余にわたって石などの収集を続けている加藤さん＝瀬戸市末広町のギャラリー・ピーコックで
　４０年余にわたって石などを収集している瀬戸市山手町、加藤●吾（しょうご）さん（８４）の展示会が２９日まで、同市の末広町商店街内、ギャラリー・ピーコックで開かれている。国内各地をはじめ、各国にも足を運ぶなどして集めた貴重な石や化石など数百点が披露された。　

　加藤さんは市内で開かれた展示会で石に興味を持ち、庄内川の河原で小石を拾うなどして収集活動を開始。米国やメキシコ、オーストラリア、中国などに赴き、長年かけて珍しい石や化石を数千点も集めてきた。

　石をカット、研磨してアクセサリーにもしており、東京や名古屋などで開かれる展示会にも出品。石を探す「石狩り」などのストーンハンティング愛好者に呼び掛けた「日本ストーンハンティングスポーツクラブ」の設立にもかかわった。

　今回展示したのは、新潟県やミャンマーで採れたヒスイ、喜和田鉱山（山口県岩国市）の灰重石（かいじゅうせき）、岐阜県土岐市で採れた壺（つぼ）石、菊花石など。赤外線を当てると紫、黄緑、赤色などに発光する鉱物や、珍しい模様の石もある。

　さらにアフリカ・サハラ砂漠と中国で見つかった三葉虫や、岐阜県高山市（旧上宝村）でのシダの化石、琥珀（こはく）なども持ち込んだ。

　「石はどこにでもあり、気を付けて探せばきれいな石や貴重な石が見つかることがあります」と話す加藤さん。気に入った石でペンダントや置物などを仕上げることで「世界で１つだけの宝物を作ることも楽しいですよ」と、愛好者が増えることを願っている。

（保母哲）

（注）●は、金ヘンに小

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

興味深いですね。

chic hus

occurs when there is a crack in the bony posterior portion of the spinal column. The human spine is made up of 24 bones called vertebrae which are stacked on top of one another to make the spinal column. The spinal cord is protected by a ring of bone that makes up the middle and posterior portion of the spinal column. The area of injury in the spinal column is between the pedicle and lamina. This is usually caused from excessive or repeated strain in the area of the spinal column called the pars interarticularis and is sometimes referred to as a pars defect when fractured through this portion of the spinal column.

The lower portion of the spinal column is called the lumbar spine. Spondylolysis most commonly occurs in the lower back at lumbar vertebra number five (L5). In athletes this type of injury can be seen with sports in which the back is bent backwards repeatedly such as gymnastics, karate, and football. Specifically this is common in offensive and defensive lineman.

The vertebra initially responds to increased strain by adding new bone cells around the injured area; however, the injury can occur faster than it can be repaired and this leads to a stress fracture. This type of fracture usually occurs in the pars and can lead to pars defect after the fracture has bee completed. The crack may affect only one side but it is not uncommon to have fractures on both sides of the vetebra. When fractures occur on both sides, it is possible for one vetebra to translate or move over the adjacent vetebra and this is called spondylolisthesis.

Athletes with a pars fracture may feel pain and stiffness in the lower back that is worsened with activity and improves with rest. Hyper-extension of the lower back will usually aggravate the back as it loads the pars fracture. Occasionally nerve symptoms can be present that may include 菟ins and needles・sensation in a leg with or without numbness or weakness in the leg.

Evaluation for this would include a history and physical exam followed by x-rays. Pars defect can be seen on oblique lumbar x-rays. A bone scan can be used for early detection of a stress fracture of the pars. This involves injecting chemical "tracers" into your blood stream. The tracers then show up on special spine X-rays. The tracers collect in areas of extra stress to bone tissue, such as a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis. A CT scan be used to evaluate a pars defect and to visualize healing bone. An MRI may be useful to assess the surrounding tissue and condition of the disk.

The treatment for a pars fracture is initially non-operative and includes rest and bracing. The fracture can be assessed with serial x-rays every few months. Bracing can be for 3-4 months while the fracture heals and physical therapy can also be included to maintain and help strengthen the abdominal and back muscles and should include stretching exercises.

If the athlete has persistent pain after non-operative treatment, surgery may be required. There are two operations that may be preformed: 1) laminectomy if the there are nerve roots being affected and that require decompression and/or 2) posterior lumbar fusion if a spinal segment has become loose or unstable. A spinal fusion allows two or more bones to grow together, or fuse, into one solid bone. This keeps the bones and joints from moving. After a spinal fusion rehabilitation will start six weeks after surgery to allow the bone to heal (fusion). Therapy will usually last for 6-8 weeks and should expect full recovery to take up to 6 months.

chic ioj

defect that occurs in the posterior part of the spine known as the pars intrarticularis. There are many causes of spondylolysis. Spondylolysis usually occurs in young athletes. This disorder is essentially a stress fracture of part of the spine. When occurring at younger ages, it is often a source of lower back pain. Interestingly, this defect will also show up in adults with back pain and no prior history of injury or sports participation. Some adults are found to have a spondylolysis who have no symptoms whatsoever.
Spondylolysis is seldom seen in patients under the age of five and is found in five percent of people over the age of seven. Whether there is a hereditary component of the disease is not clear, but an explanation for the increase in instances relative to age could be explained by the increase in activity of children, as they get older. Young children involved in regular sports are more at risk of developing structural disorders including spondylolysis. Spondylolysis is a common cause of back pain in children, and the most likely cause of pain in patients under age 26, but rarely the only cause of complaints after age 40. *

Spondylolysis becomes a problem if it is painful or associated with instability of the spine. In these situations, it may be associated with lumbar disc degeneration of narrowing of the area where the nerve roots exit the spinal column (the neural foramina). This may be a cause of back and leg pain.

Click here to find a doctor who treats spondylolysis.

chic yen

specific defect in the connection between vertebrae, the bones that make up the spinal column. This defect can lead to small stress fractures (breaks) in the vertebrae that can weaken the bones so much that one slips out of place, a condition called spondylolisthesis.

Spondylolysis is a very common cause of low back pain. The word spondylolysis comes from the Greek words spondylos, which means spine or vertebra, and lysis, which means a break or loosening.

What are the symptoms of spondylolysis?
Many people with spondylolysis have no symptoms and don’t even know they have the condition. When symptoms do occur, low back pain is the most common. The pain usually spreads across the lower back, and might feel like a muscle strain. The pain is generally worse with vigorous exercise or activity. Symptoms often appear during the teen-age growth spurt. The typical age of a person diagnosed with spondylolysis is 15 to 16 years.

What causes spondylolysis?
Spondylolysis results from a weakness in a section of the vertebra called the pars interarticularis, the thin piece of bone that connects the upper and lower segments of the facet joints. Facet joints link the vertebrae directly above and below to form a working unit that permits movement of the spine.

The exact cause of the weakness of the pars interarticularis is unknown. One theory points to genetics (heredity) as a factor, suggesting that some people are born with thin vertebrae, which place them at higher risk for fractures. Another theory suggests that repetitive trauma to the lower back can weaken the pars interarticularis.

How common is spondylolysis?
Spondylolysis affects about 3 percent to 7 percent of Americans. The condition is a common cause of low back pain in children and the most likely cause of low back pain in people younger than 26 years of age. Spondylolysis is more common in children and teens participating in sports that place a lot of stress on the lower back or cause a constant over-stretching (hyper-extending) of the spine, such as gymnastics, weightlifting, and football. It is seen more often in males than in females.

How is spondylolysis diagnosed?
Often, a health care provider will suspect spondylolysis after an evaluation that includes a complete medical history and physical examination. An X-ray of the lower back can show any fractured vertebra and confirm the diagnosis.

A computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan might be needed to detect very small fractures. A CT or MRI scan might also be used to rule out other conditions that might be contributing to the pain, such as a herniated (bulging) disc or pinched nerve.

How is spondylolysis treated?
Initial treatment for spondylolysis is always conservative, and is aimed at reducing pain, permitting the fracture to heal, and returning the person to normal function. The person should take a break from sports and other activities until the pain subsides. An over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as ibuprofen, might be recommended to help reduce pain and inflammation (irritation and swelling). Stronger medications might be prescribed if the NSAIDs do not provide relief. A program of exercise and/or physical therapy will help increase pain-free movement, and improve flexibility and muscle strength.

In more severe cases of spondylolysis, a brace or back support might be used to help stabilize the lower back as the fracture heals. Epidural steroid injections — in which medication is placed directly in the space surrounding the spine — might also help reduce inflammation and ease pain.

What complications are associated with spondylolysis?
The pain of spondylolysis can lead to reduced mobility and inactivity. Inactivity can, in turn, result in weight gain, loss of bone density, and loss of muscle strength and flexibility in other areas of the body. In addition, spondylolysis can progress until one or more vertebrae slip out of place (spondylolisthesis).

What is the outlook for people with spondylolysis?
Conservative treatment — rest, medication, exercise, and bracing — is often successful at relieving pain and swelling, especially when treatment is started early. About 73 percent of people have a significant reduction in pain and can return to normal activities following early treatment of spondylolysis.

Can spondylolysis be prevented?
Although spondylolysis might not be preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of fractures. Seek medical attention if you suffer a back injury or have significant low-back pain. Early treatment of spondylolysis often results in the best outcomes. Keeping your back and abdominal muscles strong can help support the lower back and prevent future stress fractures. If you have spondylolysis, it is important to choose activities and sports that do not place your lower back at risk for injury. Swimming and biking are possible options.

The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center
Copyright © 2005 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved - Used by Permission.

This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition.

chic jar

This is the medical term used to describe the presence of a "defect" or stress fracture in the posterior arch of the vertebra (see figure, arrow). It occurs at the lumbo-sacral junction (L5/S1) in about 85% of cases. The remainder occur at the L4/5 level or above, and in about 20% of cases the defect is on one side only (unilateral).

Spondylolysis is not a congenital condition and has never been identified in a newborn infant, or a child who has not started to walk. Defects usually develop as a stress fracture in individuals predisposed to the condition, due to the shape or orientation of the bones at the base of your spine.

There is an increased incidence in people who take part in certain physical or sporting activities such as female gymnasts, fast bowlers in cricket, and weight lifters. These types of people are also more likely to experience symptoms due to this condition.

Spondylolysis is evident in about 6% of the population, but only 10 to 15% of those individuals who have a spondylolysis develop symptoms of low back pain that can be attributed to this process. The remainder are considered an incidental finding.

A spondylolysis will usually develop in late childhood or early adolescence, and if symptomatic at this stage your specialist may recommend the avoidance of activities that aggravate the condition and cause discomfort. In some cases a brace is used to reduce movement at the level of the spondylolysis if the defect is thought to be of recent onset in the hope that the defect or stress fracture will heal. Healing is however not always achieved, but despite this, symptoms will usually settle within six to twelve weeks.

Whether the defects heal or not, some modification in the way certain activities are performed is likely to be recommended in order to avoid a recurrence of symptoms. Individuals with this condition should also obtain advice from an appropriately qualified physiotherapist or physical trainer in order to develop a program of muscle toning activities to improve the muscular support of the area and decrease the risk of further symptoms.

Regular swimming is one way to improve fitness and the muscle tone of the trunk without placing undue stress on the spine. A Pilates exercise program may also be of assistance.

It is however common for these defects to become chronic, and remain evident throughout life, but there is no need to become alarmed if this occurs, as the majority of people who have a spondylolysis experience no more back pain than other members of the general population who do not have this condition.

In adults who have a spondylolysis, degenerative changes are often evident in the adjacent discs or facet joints, which are just as likely, if not more so, to be responsible for symptoms of back discomfort. It is therefore important for your specialist to identify the origin of your pain before recommending the appropriate course of treatment.

So, to put it simply a spondylolysis is usually an incidental finding on an x-ray or CT scan undertaken to assess back pain due to another cause.

Spondylolisthesis is the term used to describe the presence of a spondylolysis where there has also been anterior translation of the vertebra with the lysis (usually L5), on the vertebra below (usually the sacrum).
In the majority of cases the degree of anterior translation is slight, but in approximately 20% of cases the displacement of the upper vertebra can be marked.

Progression of the "slip" usually occurs in early adolescence and is more common in girls than boys.

The development of a spondylolysis which then goes on to a spondylolisthesis is usually associated with significant low back pain, but in most cases the situation will stabilise and pain will settle. It is only where severe pain persists, or features of nerve root irritation or compression develop that surgical intervention is indicated at this stage.

In cases where symptoms resolve some activity modification may be required to reduce the risk of recurrent episodes of pain as outlined for spondylolysis. It is also important to maintain general fitness, and specifically the tone in the abdominal musculature.

If symptoms persist surgical intervention may be considered, and would usually take the form of a spinal fusion. However despite the often impressive x-ray appearance of this condition surgery of this type is required in less than 10% of cases.

chic nri

refers to a defect in one of the vertebra in the lower back. Usually it is the last vertebra of the lumbar spine that is prone to this condition.

The area of the vertebra that is affected is called the pedicle. The pedicle is part of the bony ring that protects the spinal nerves, and is the portion that connects the vertebral body to the facet joints. When a spondylolysis is present, the back part of the vertebra and the facet joints simply are not connected except by soft tissue. This causes spondylolisthtesis, or slippage of the discs. These discs compress spinal nerves and can cause great pain.

This disorder is most common in football players and gymnasts. The current thought is that the spondylolysis is probably a stress fracture that never completely healed.

Spondylolisthesis is the term used to describe when one vertebra slips forward on the one below it. This usually occurs because there is a spondylolysis in the vertebra on top.

People with these conditions boast a higher risk than the normal population of developing chronic low back pain.


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